Ideal growing conditions for sugar cane are found in the tropical zones of the world where there are abundant quantities of the elements necessary for photosynthesis-sunlight, heat, rainfall and fertile soil. For good growth , sugar cane needs at least 2,000 millimeters of rain spread through the year, warm sunny weather and properly-drained soils. Fine cool weather immediately before harvesting retards growth and increases the sugar content in the cane.

When the land is thoroughly ploughed and harrowed cuttings of cane are planted in long drills or rows 1.5 meters apart. The pieces of stalk, termed setts, are usually long enough to support three buds which grow into a cluster of 8 to 12 new stalks of cane called stool. This cane is termed the plant crop and is usually harvested some 14 to 16 months later. It is usual to grow another crop of cane from the roots left in the ground after the plant crop is harvested. This is called a ratoon crop. Fertilizers are applied to the crop to promote growth.